We use verb + ing (gerunds):
– as an adjective
eg. The way the police were questioning me was rather intimidating.
– in reduced relative clauses
eg. People (who are) living in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.
– after certain verbs
eg. I regret going to the party last night.
– after prepositions
eg. She displayed her generosity by donating all the money to charity.
We use past participles:
– in reduced relative clauses where the original clause contains a passive verb
eg. The framed football jersey, (which was) signed by the team, hangs in his office.
– as an adjective
He was interested as soon as I mentioned the money.